The spinal cord is a long, thin, tubular structure made up of nervous tissue, that extends from the medulla oblongata in the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. It encloses the central canalof the spinal cord that contains cerebrospinal fluid. The brain and spinal cord together make up the central nervous system (CNS). In humans, the spinal cord begins at the occipital bone where it passes through the foramen magnum, and meets and enters the spinal canal at the beginning of the cervical vertebrae. The spinal cord extends down to between the first and second lumbar vertebrae where it ends. The enclosing bony vertebral column protects the relatively shorter spinal cord. It is around 45 cm (18 in) in men and around 43 cm (17 in) long in women. Also, the spinal cord has a varying width, ranging from 13 mm (1/2 in) thick in the cervical and lumbar regions to 6.4 mm (1/4 in) thick in the thoracic area.Tempering / and leakage with spinal cord causes paralysis,it must be closed as as possible/ dura tear / by surgical intervention within ASAP 12 hours.

PAIN / MISDIAGNOSIS.....very,very common, FAILED BACK PAIN / ineffective SURGERY and ALL antidepressants / ineffective = causing drugs ADDICTION /. Surgery DESTROYS spine FOREVER..it is done ,because surgeons do not ANYTHING else and have to make LIVING !!!!!!!!!!!..THEY ARE TOP EXPERTS in causing IRREVOCABLE...SPINE DISABILITY...!

ALL spinal conditions are due to SKELETAL DEFORMITY / DISC / NERVE PATHOLOGY.

Its possible to treat that in two ways ; at root / Orthopedic Medicine / Maitland Manual Medicine ..cure - which treat .CAUSE /or symptomatically / ONLY drugs / which is INEFFECTIVE / , brain palliation and causing CHRONIC ADDICTION.

The most important is EXAMINATION......DIAGNOSIS..and proven procedure.

Pain is complex,perceptual and effective determined by unique past history of the individual ,state of mind and sensory nerve patterns evoked by physical stimulation.The theory states that neural mechanisms in the dorsal horns / of the spinal cord / act like a gate which can increase or decrease the flow of nerve impulses from the peripheral fibres to the spinal cord cells that project to the brain.Somatic input is subjected to the modulating influensed of the gate before it evokes pain perception and response.That large - fibre inputs /e.g gentle rubbing / tend to close the gate while small-fibre inputs / eg pinching / open the gate.The sensory input is modulated at successive synapses throughout its projection from the spinal cord to the brain areas responsible for pain experience and response.Pain occurs when the number of nerve impulse that arrives at these areas exceeds a critical level.

That's why MANIPULATIONS....................................................... treatment.. carried by ALL those involved CHIROPRACTORS,OSTEOPATHS,DOCTORS..are FALSE by CONCEPT / APPLICATION and WHOLE TREATMENT IS INEFFECTIVE / DANGEROUS and USELESS. That methods are WRONG and NEVER,NEVER.. EVER ....WILL WORK....

There are many pain syndromes which are beyond our comprehension and our control...Neuro = surgical operations are COMMON...ALWAYS.. FAILURES,patients will suffer.Back pain,migraine,tension headaches plague millions of people.The most horrible are cancer in the terminal phases..